英语介词全判辨：恣意掌捏30个中枢用法

著作节录

本文系统教养了英语中介词(preposition)的中枢作用和使用场景。介词算作句子的'关联纽带'，主要承担三大功能：邻接名词与其他因素、抒发各式关联(如时辰、地点、样式等)、组成介词短语补充信息。著作介意列举了介词在六大典型场景中的诈欺：1)定位空间地点(如in/on/under)；2)抒发时辰关联(at/in/for等)；3)示意标的包摄(to/from/for)；4)证明动作样式(by/with/in)；5)讲明原因认识(because of/for)；6)固定搭配(listen to/good at等)。此外，还先容了介词短语、疏淡结构等用法，并分类例如证明in/on/at等高频介词的具体诈欺。全文通过大王人生计化例句，匡助读者直不雅理会介词若何让英语抒发更准确澄莹。

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一、什么是介词？一句话用东谈主话讲透

你是不是常常在英语句子里看到 in、on、at、to、with、by、about、for、from 这类小词？这些玄妙的小词，即是介词，英文叫 preposition。

那么介词的中枢作用是什么？一句大白话：

介词即是给东谈主和物、动作之间“连关联”，告诉人人“谁和谁是什么关联、在什么位置、啥时辰、用啥样式、认识是什么”。

简便说：介词即是句子的“关联纽带”和“空间时辰舆图”，莫得它，句子就像没东谈驾驭的“散班子”，内容彼此之间有余扯不清。

二、介词的基本职责长什么样（大白话归纳）

从最本色的讲，英语里的介词主要有三大职责：

1. 把名词和动词、描绘词等邻接起来，组合成“完好的信息”比如：She is in the room.（“在房间里”靠 in 这介词说了了）

2. 用来抒发“地点、时辰、样式、原因、对象、标的、认识”等各式关联比如：I go to school at eight.（去学校，几点？用 to 示意标的/讨论，用 at 示意时辰）

3. 匡助句子组成介词短语，算作修饰语、补充证明，让信息了了缜密比如：He speaks with confidence.（“with confidence”补充证明气象）

一句话记忆：介词即是让你知谈“动作/气象发生在什么环境、什么对象、什么条目下”。

三、介词在英语句子里到底有哪些典型场景？

你说句英语，用介词的时势几乎太多了。底下系统分场景例如证明：

场景一：定位物理空间与地点

这个场景透澈是介词最高频任务，统统“位置、地点”全靠它。

在那里？（in, on, at, under, above, between, behind, near, beside, below）The book is on the table.（桌子上）The cat is under the chair.（椅子底下）She lives in Paris.（在巴黎）The school is near my home.（在我家隔邻）He stood between two cars.（两车之间）I sat next to her.（在她旁边）

无须介词的话，只说“book table”，根柢搞不清啥关联。有了介词后，一下精确定位，别东谈主一听就懂你说的是哪儿。

地点体现（above, below, over, under, behind, in front of）The sun is above the trees.（太阳在树上方）The garage is behind the house.（车库在屋子后头）Stand in front of the door.（站在门前）场景二：抒发时辰、时点、时段

时辰关联是介词超常用的一个细分。

具体某个时辰点（at）The class starts at 8 o’clock.（8点运行）I will call you at noon.（中午）某个日历、月份、年份、星期（on, in）Her birthday is on July 5th.（7月5号）On Monday, we have a meeting.He was born in 2002.（2002年）Flowers bloom in spring.（春天）时辰长度、赓续气象（for, during, since, from…to）She stayed for two weeks.（待了两周）I haven’t seen him since last year.（自昨年以后没见过）From morning to evening, he works.We met during the holidays.（假期时期）先后规矩（before, after, until）Please finish the work before lunch.We will walk after dinner.The shop is closed until Monday.

无须介词，你只可说“大约时辰”，有了介词，时辰定位立时体现出来。

场景三：标的、认识、包摄、疏通

示意“朝那里去，归于谁，作用在哪儿”等，王人靠介词。

标的/去那里（to, into, toward, through, along, across）He walked to the park.（去公园）The dog ran into the room.（跑进房间）She moved toward the door.（向门挪动）Drive through the tunnel.（穿越隧谈）Walk across the street.（过马路）We jogged along the river.（沿着河）包摄、作用对象（to, for, with）Give this book to Mary.（给玛丽）This gift is for you.（为你准备的）I did it with my friends.（和一又友们统共）来源/起原（from, out of）He comes from China.（来自中国）She took candy out of the box.（从盒子里拿糖）场景四：抒发动作样式、本领、条目

介词匡助补充动作发生的“具体样式”。

样式/器用（by, with, in, on）He traveled by train.（坐火车）She wrote with a pen.（用笔写）Send the message by email.（通过邮件）材料、表跟随（with, without）Drink coffee with sugar.（加糖喝咖啡）He left without any money.（没带钱就走了）气象/条目（in, by, under, on）She did it in a hurry.（急促中）We are under pressure.（在压力下）Work on an empty stomach.（空心职责）场景五：抒发原因、认识、效果

介词还能认真“告诉人人为什么、为了什么”。

原因（because of, due to, owing to, for, from）School was closed because of the snow.He cannot work due to illness.认识（for, to）I came here for a meeting.She called to ask about the project.效果（from, out of）She cried out of happiness.The damage resulted from the storm.场景六：和被迫、某些动词固定搭配

不少动词、描绘词必须和某些介词搭配，造成“固定结构”。

动词+介词Listen to music.Wait for someone.Depend on luck.Apologize for mistakes.描绘词+介词Interested in art.Good at sports.Proud of achievements.Afraid of snakes.被迫语态+介词The movie was directed by him.The letter was written by Alice.

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四、介词的疏淡结构和用法1. 介词短语

界说: “介词+名词/代词/数词”，组合成短语修饰主语、谓语、宾语。

例子：

We camped in the forest.She answered with a smile.The train left at noon.

补充证明：介词短语常当状语、定语，为句子推行信息。“in the morning”（清早），“with my sister”（和我妹妹），“by car”（坐车）……抒发无尽。

2. 介词邻接东谈主和事的关联

抒发“属于谁”、“对于什么”、“触及哪方面”等：

The story is about friendship.The keys are for the manager.She is with her parents.3. 邻接数词、数目和单元three cups of teaa piece of cakekilos of rice4. 其他常见结构be afraid ofbe good atagree with someonedream about/of somethingask for help

好多时候，动词/描绘词/短语+介词是“定番组合”，要介意固定搭配。

五、介词的种类详解和例如分类

底下系统列出英语中常见介词，并以推行例句证明用法。

1. 最常用的空间、时辰三大介词——in, on, at

空间类：

in（宏大空间、限制内）in the room, in a city, in the worldon（名义、来回点）on the floor, on the wall, on the tableat（具体点、地点）at the station, at the door

时辰类：

in（月份、年份、永劫辰段）in June, in 2012, in winteron（具体日历、星期）on Monday, on the 3rd, on Christmas Dayat（具体时刻）at 8 o’clock, at night, at midday

口诀：“大限制 in，小点 at，名义 on”

2. 示意标的的介词to, toward, into, through, across, along, from, out ofgo to school, walk toward the park, move into the room, drive through the city3. 示意样式、器用、气象的介词by, with, without, in, ontravel by bus, cook with oil, do without help, in silence4. 表因果、认识的介词for, because of, due to, out ofcome for dinner, late because of traffic, out of curiosity5. 被迫和搭配专用介词by（谁作念的）The song was written by him.of（属于）She is proud of her son.6. 其他高档介词与短语介词despite（尽管）Despite the rain, we went out.according to（证据）According to the teacher, the exam is easy.except for（除了）Except for Tom, everyone passed.六、介词在句子中的位置和结构本领1. 介词一般径直跟名词、代词、数词under the bedwith himfor two hours2. 表时辰、地点、样式的介词短语多放句首或句尾In the morning, I go jogging.I eat breakfast at home.3. 介词后头弗成径直跟动词原形——要加动名词（ing）He is good at drawing.（弗成说“at draw”）She is interested in reading.4. 介词不可浮滥“Discuss about”是错的，应为“discuss”（discuss后不可加about）“Marry with”是错的，应为 “marry sb.” 不加 with

但有些不可不详：

“talk about”, “think about”, “dream of/about”, “agree with”5. 别离单项和复合介词（短语）because of, instead of, due to, together with, in front of, according to 等七、介词用法常见造作与改良1. in/on/at 用错，意旨全变I am in the bus.（指在车里）I am on the bus.（示意“我乘坐这辆公交车”）See you on Monday.（正确）See you at Monday.（错）2. 动词后加错或漏了介词Wait for me.（弗成只说 Wait me）Listen to the teacher.（弗成说 Listen the teacher）3. 介词后用动词原形He is good at play football.❌He is good at playing football.✅4. 忘了介词短语的语法作用“I went to shopping.” 造作正确：“I went shopping.” 或 “I went to the shop.”5. 被迫语态结构乱用介词The film was made by Steven.（正确）The film was made with Steven.（错，with示意统共参与，不是主动制造者）八、介词在写稿和白话中的推行作用和超等公正1. 让句子“六脉运动”，各信息彼此斡旋

莫得介词，句子就像一堆并排词语，读起来像“报活水账”：

He school morning run.（啥真义？？）

用介词后：

He goes to school in the morning to run.2. 精确定位变装、时辰、空间、东谈主物关联The dog is under the table.I will meet you at the station on Tuesday at 9am.3. 丰富信息量，使句子内容高度浓缩She is good at dancing.The presentation is about climate change.The teacher is in charge of the class.4. 描绘讨论、对象和条目时必不可少

介词决定动作的“走向”和“影响对象”。

5. 让白话和写稿抒发贞洁实用

统统 native speaker 普通使用的动词短语、搭配王人离不开介词。

get up, get on, get off, look for, look after, take care of, turn on, switch off九、高明用好介词的小决窍1. 多背常用固定搭配good at, interested in, look for, think about, take care of, listen to, wait for2. 理会 in/on/at 的本色区别in（空间、限制、容器）on（名义、莳植）at（点、事件、活动）3. 动词短语、民风用法要谨记agree with sb.depend on sth.be afraid of sth.4. 分清时辰、地点、认识、样式，纯真替换5. 遭受写稿和白话时，遭受目生情况多查查搭配是否需要介词十、介词专项抒发“秒懂记忆”

一句话，英语宇宙“谁去哪儿、谁啥时候管事、谁为啥管事”，全靠介词来串联。

介词中枢口诀：

位置用 in/on/at，标的靠 to/into/toward；时辰用 at/on/in，样式用 with/by/for；搭配用动词/描绘词连，句子流畅关联显！

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